Junking the Junk Food Essay

In this article the author is trying to show us how our country has become very unhealthy nation. Warner believes that to end the obesity in the country the government needs to be involved. They should make healthy food more appealing while making the junk food less appealing. There are a lot of people whom are worrying and trying to change the way majority of American people eat. Because almost 40% of American people are fat, and that because the way they eat. Lot of politicians are trying to send their message to the public and trying to make them realize that fast food is bad for them and eating healthy is good. Personally I don’t think that government can force somebody to change the way they eat. The only way or the only solution is changing our culture, because most of the people think eating burgers and fries everyday is normal, that’s their culture. But the day that we change that thinking and the day that we start thinking that eating healthy (fruits, vegetable s) everyday is a normal, than we are going to have a different culture, and totally different America. 400 – Warner identifies how politician Sarah Palin recently made an appearance in Bucks County, Pennsylvania with cookies to pass out to the kids of the local schools and how unnecessary the act was. Criticizing Palin’s actions, Warner continues on her point of how children are not deprived of these â€Å"treats† that some believe to be needed and how these foods and lack of nutrition need to be changed not encouraged. 401- Warner also mentions here how Glenn Beck mocked the governmentand led to government health inspectors shutting down a7-year olds lemonade stand. Government can’t regulate what the American people eatand don’t eat. Because there are lot of educated people and know the consequences of eating too much fatty foods. She also refers to Michelle Obama’s campaign to fight childhood obesity. She wants to change our culture educating peoples to eat fruits and vegetables instead of french fries and burgers. 402- Warner explains how government is trying to regulate the amount of junk food that we eat. She is trying to compare current events and historical events to explain how the eating habits in our country have changed over the years. An example is â€Å"the food rationing programs of World War 2† She also offers some solutions to the problem of obesity in the country. One of these solutions is that we should make fatting foods look bad, like we made cigarettes look bad. People will have a hard time changing their eating habits when junk food is portrayed as delicious and they don’t directly receive negative side effects 403- The only way or the only solution is changing our culture, because most of the people think eating burgers and fries everyday is normal, that’s their culture. But the day that we change that thinking and the day that we start thinking that eating healthy (fruits, vegetables) everyday is a normal, than we are going to have a different culture, and totally different America. 404- She also mention if we stop putting the cigarette like a s exy and cool product instead of putting something really bad that can damage our lungs and cause a horrible disease like a lung cancer can stop people smoking.

St. Francis of Assisi

In the year 1181, a Giovanni Bernardone was born to an aristocratic family in Assisi, Umbria Italy. His father had been abroad, traveling for his businesses, while his child had been born and he came with the displeasing fact that his son was named after what the Italian thought of as the version for John the Baptist. Not wanting his son to be a Son of God, he began referring to his son as Francesco, otherwise known as Frances. Growing up, Frances grew up as a very privileged child, using his father’s money to his advantage.He and a group of boys would run around town stirring up trouble ‘til late, and Frances was known as the party animal . St. Frances of Assisi referred to that time as, â€Å"I lived in sin. † [â€Å"St. Francis of Assisi – Saints & Angels. † Catholic Online] Francis, whose father urged him to join him in his business, wanted more than wealth: power. Eager to receive it, he quickly joined in the battle against Perugia, Assisiâ€⠄¢s long time enemy. Many of the troops were killed, and those who weren’t were taken into captivity to be ransomed.Francis had been kept in captivity for almost a year in a small dungeon with several other men, but once his family had paid the ransom he returned to his old reckless ways. Seizing another opportunity to become a knight, Francis joined the Fourth Crusade boasting that he would return as a great prince. But less than two days into the journey, he received a vision from God that came to him in his dreams telling him that, â€Å"You have mistaken the meaning of your vision. Return to your own town. † [Chesterton, G. K. â€Å"Francis the Fighter. † St. Francis of Assisi,. New York: George H.Doran, 1924. 39. ] Unwilling, he returned back to Assisi, humiliated and ashamed that he had gone away in the first place. In Assisi, he had not returned to his old ways but began to mope around the pastures and streets, believing he had no purpose. One day he had been roaming around an abandoned field when off in the distance he saw a figure, which, as he drew closer, was a leper. And suddenly, a revelation came to St. Francis. This was what he was afraid, being poor and alone. Embracing the leper, he kissed him on both cheeks and gave him all of the money he had on him.Riding on toward the town, he has said that when he turned around the leper had disappeared, nowhere to be found. He always looked at it as a test from God, which he had rightly passed. St. Francis first got his start when he came across the Church of St. Damien which had been neglected to rubble. As he entered the collapsing Church, he heard a voice telling him to restore His house, and Francis realized that God was speaking to him. Like he had always done when he needed financial help, he ran to his father.His father, never being a man of God, put his son away under lock and key, declaring him a thief. Francis was put in front of the bishop, whom declared that Francis had t o repay his father the money. Francis then did something which declared his love for God: He referred to God as his only father, and shed all of his clothes as to repay his Earthly father. Running out into the streets on a snowy winter day, he ran through the streets of Assisi in nothing but rags taking refuge in the run down Church of St. Damien. He became a beggar, the one thing he had always feared, begging for nothing but stones.With the stones had built the Church with his own bare hands. Completing the Church, he began to live the Gospel, which no one had ever done before. Living out in the Church, Francis began to value nature, not looking at it as a whole but individually and as a child of God. St. Francis is the patron saint of animals and the environment for he focused most with God on nature and how each and everything, living or nonliving, was a creation of God, therefore a child of God. He’s also a patron saint of merchants, and his own country, Italy. St.Francis , though not a patron saint of, is frequently represented with poverty since he lived as a beggar and hermit, no solid roof over his head. St. Francis’ was canonized on July 16, 1228 by Pope Gregory IX where by that time he had been succumbed to blindness and became crippled with the way he had lived in his younger years. His Feast Day is on October 4th, and is celebrated universally. One of St. Francis’ major shrines is the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, Assisi, Italy, which is the mother Church for all Franciscan Orders. Locally, we can find a St.Francis of Assisi Church in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey. St. Francis has many prayers, both inspired by him and those that he has written himself. One of the prayers he had written when he was nearing his death was the Canticle of Brother Sun and Sister Moon, where he prayed to God during a time of need. He was undergoing an eye surgery to restore his sight, where they had to burn most of his face off, and he used this p rayer as a reassurance. One of his most famous prayers which had been inspired by his life was the Peace Prayer of St. Francis of Assisi.This prayer is considered somewhat of the beatitudes of the Franciscan community. St. Francis of Assisi is one of my favorite saints because of where he had come from. Most saints start off poor and burdened but Francis had everything and still chose to continue with God. He devoted his life to the poor and to nature, not regretting leaving his past life. He practiced what he preached, leaving a life filled with poverty and pain, suffering from the stigmata and blindness. St. Francis served his God throughout his life, though in the beginning unknowing. He was indeed, one of the greatest saints. St. Francis of Assisi In the year 1181, a Giovanni Bernardone was born to an aristocratic family in Assisi, Umbria Italy. His father had been abroad, traveling for his businesses, while his child had been born and he came with the displeasing fact that his son was named after what the Italian thought of as the version for John the Baptist. Not wanting his son to be a Son of God, he began referring to his son as Francesco, otherwise known as Frances. Growing up, Frances grew up as a very privileged child, using his father’s money to his advantage.He and a group of boys would run around town stirring up trouble ‘til late, and Frances was known as the party animal . St. Frances of Assisi referred to that time as, â€Å"I lived in sin. † [â€Å"St. Francis of Assisi – Saints & Angels. † Catholic Online] Francis, whose father urged him to join him in his business, wanted more than wealth: power. Eager to receive it, he quickly joined in the battle against Perugia, Assisiâ€⠄¢s long time enemy. Many of the troops were killed, and those who weren’t were taken into captivity to be ransomed.Francis had been kept in captivity for almost a year in a small dungeon with several other men, but once his family had paid the ransom he returned to his old reckless ways. Seizing another opportunity to become a knight, Francis joined the Fourth Crusade boasting that he would return as a great prince. But less than two days into the journey, he received a vision from God that came to him in his dreams telling him that, â€Å"You have mistaken the meaning of your vision. Return to your own town. † [Chesterton, G. K. â€Å"Francis the Fighter. † St. Francis of Assisi,. New York: George H.Doran, 1924. 39. ] Unwilling, he returned back to Assisi, humiliated and ashamed that he had gone away in the first place. In Assisi, he had not returned to his old ways but began to mope around the pastures and streets, believing he had no purpose. One day he had been roaming around an abandoned field when off in the distance he saw a figure, which, as he drew closer, was a leper. And suddenly, a revelation came to St. Francis. This was what he was afraid, being poor and alone. Embracing the leper, he kissed him on both cheeks and gave him all of the money he had on him.Riding on toward the town, he has said that when he turned around the leper had disappeared, nowhere to be found. He always looked at it as a test from God, which he had rightly passed. St. Francis first got his start when he came across the Church of St. Damien which had been neglected to rubble. As he entered the collapsing Church, he heard a voice telling him to restore His house, and Francis realized that God was speaking to him. Like he had always done when he needed financial help, he ran to his father.His father, never being a man of God, put his son away under lock and key, declaring him a thief. Francis was put in front of the bishop, whom declared that Francis had t o repay his father the money. Francis then did something which declared his love for God: He referred to God as his only father, and shed all of his clothes as to repay his Earthly father. Running out into the streets on a snowy winter day, he ran through the streets of Assisi in nothing but rags taking refuge in the run down Church of St. Damien. He became a beggar, the one thing he had always feared, begging for nothing but stones.With the stones had built the Church with his own bare hands. Completing the Church, he began to live the Gospel, which no one had ever done before. Living out in the Church, Francis began to value nature, not looking at it as a whole but individually and as a child of God. St. Francis is the patron saint of animals and the environment for he focused most with God on nature and how each and everything, living or nonliving, was a creation of God, therefore a child of God. He’s also a patron saint of merchants, and his own country, Italy. St.Francis , though not a patron saint of, is frequently represented with poverty since he lived as a beggar and hermit, no solid roof over his head. St. Francis’ was canonized on July 16, 1228 by Pope Gregory IX where by that time he had been succumbed to blindness and became crippled with the way he had lived in his younger years. His Feast Day is on October 4th, and is celebrated universally. One of St. Francis’ major shrines is the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, Assisi, Italy, which is the mother Church for all Franciscan Orders. Locally, we can find a St.Francis of Assisi Church in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey. St. Francis has many prayers, both inspired by him and those that he has written himself. One of the prayers he had written when he was nearing his death was the Canticle of Brother Sun and Sister Moon, where he prayed to God during a time of need. He was undergoing an eye surgery to restore his sight, where they had to burn most of his face off, and he used this p rayer as a reassurance. One of his most famous prayers which had been inspired by his life was the Peace Prayer of St. Francis of Assisi.This prayer is considered somewhat of the beatitudes of the Franciscan community. St. Francis of Assisi is one of my favorite saints because of where he had come from. Most saints start off poor and burdened but Francis had everything and still chose to continue with God. He devoted his life to the poor and to nature, not regretting leaving his past life. He practiced what he preached, leaving a life filled with poverty and pain, suffering from the stigmata and blindness. St. Francis served his God throughout his life, though in the beginning unknowing. He was indeed, one of the greatest saints.

Diffusion and osmosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diffusion and osmosis - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of the diffusion as the molecular process by which certain particles move from a place of higher concentration to a location of lower concentration containing those same particles. The researcher states that it moves from the higher to the lower concentration because of the concentration gradient which is the difference in concentration levels between two adjacent regions. The author has rightly presented that diffusion stops when the concentrations between these two become equal or have reached equilibrium. This essay discusses that osmosis is simply a type of diffusion in which water moves from high concentration to that of the lower water concentration. The paper tells that both processes, diffusion, and osmosis, are examples of passive transport as is shown in the figure in the paper. It means that there is no energy required to facilitate these processes. The author has rightly presented that in biology, diffusion is the simplest and easiest way to move substances (molecules, nutrients, vitamins, minerals, ions, etc.) across the cells' membranes. The basic understanding underlining the case study is that it saves unnecessary expenditure of energy which is in sharp contrast to active transport, the way by which cells move certain materials against the concentration gradient, thereby requiring the use of energy (forced movement).

German and Arabian Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German and Arabian Stereotypes - Essay Example Nazi Germany has a stigma that has cursed the country for six long decades. In relation, many foreigners believe Arabs to be terrorists because of what the extremists in the Middle East do and the amplifications of foreign media. The truth is Arabs are warm and well-cultured people. Both countries must deal with the ignorance of others and they need to work on erasing the stigma. A stereotype of Germany that opposes one of our stereotypes is that Germans are seen as being structured, cold, and serious while we are seen as dirty, narrow-minded, and angry. Though it is true that Saudi has people living without advanced technology, it does not make them less than anybody else. Arabs just have a lifestyle that is not popular amongst most modern civilizations. As for Germans, they are seen in high regard. They show up to appointments on-time, something that we do not do so much, and they are seen as very straightforward when on the job. Saudi Arabians are homely people and we like to inte ract with one another. We take our family life very seriously, unlike most western civilizations. We put our families in front of everything. Another stereotype is physical features. Many people believe that Germans are all blue-eyed and blonde, and at the same time, they see Arabian men with long, uncombed beards and women with a cloth covering their faces.

Justinian and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Justinian and the Law - Essay Example It means that considering law as a phenomenon, peculiar only to the certain socio-economic structure, and which keeps the same nature at establishment of basic concepts, principles, categories and institutes during all existence of human civilization is not correct. That is why there is a general growth of interest to researches, which under such point of view are of not only historical interest, but also help to define the character and tendencies of transformations of law in the process of historical development of humanity, and consequently to find out consistent patterns of its development, which must be taken into account in modern conditions. Experience of development of law of legal system at Justinian's being in power can be very useful for the awareness of genetic root of many institutes of our legal system, establishment of possible prospects of its development, using of accomplishments and taking into consideration of lacks of conducting of those or other measures on perfection of the legal system, most grandiose from which is a systematization of law, conducted in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) in the first half of the sixth century by Emperor Justinian. Let us appeal to the history as "the history of law, inseparable from the history of the State, because the growth of a legal system both determines and is determined by the general condition and civilization of the nation, finds in these same epochs its most natural divisions"1. An imperial aspiration of Justinian has negatively reflected on socio-economic position of the state, as a load of military charges came upon the population of Byzantium, destroying not only its economy but also the economy of neighbor countries. At the same time, objectively his political direction had certain positive maintenance, as he to a certain extent operated in light of general tendency of competition of ancient culture with the barbarian world from Northern East, which threatened fully to destroy odds and ends of old Roman and ancient Greek cultures. The main directions of domestic policy of emperor Justinian were: gradual liquidation of last republican institutes and strengthening of individual p ower of emperor; creation of an authoritarian state based on enormous centralized state and conducting of related administrative reforms; achievement of unity of faith (confession unity) in the state with recognition of emperor as a main leader in this sphere; realization of economic measures, directed on multiplying commodity turnover and revival of production; circumscription of proprietary rights of main landowners, economic influencing of which sometimes outgrew in political power. Limitations of rights of big landowners have been accompanied with measures, directed on encouragement of development of yeomanry (for example, by means of establishment of preferential taxes). Justinian pursues also a policy of encouragement to settling on new territory, and also to settling of earths which were before mastered, but then abandoned. What is important is that domestic and foreign policy of Justinian required not only the armed efforts

MEDICAL STAFF AND NURSING LAW Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MEDICAL STAFF AND NURSING LAW - Article Example The doctrine is classified under the law of torts, which in itself stands for civil wrongs. The most commonly sued tort in the medical field is negligence. The authors (Reagan & Regan) define negligence as an act that put under the similar conditions as the accused, a more prudent professional would perform differently and better to serve the interest of the persons put under their care. (Regan & Regan 2002) define the relationship between the employer and the employee very clearly. They state that a clear line has to be drawn in order to establish with certainty that there existed an agency relationship between the parties for which the senior faces charges for the mistakes of the junior. Malpractice is defined as failure to provide professional services with the skill usually exhibited by responsible and careful members of the profession, resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the party contracting for those services (Regan & Regan 2002). It is under the torch of medical malpractices that the acts of negligence is best shone on the undertakings that could be regarded as acts of negligence. When the employee is charged with conducting the business of the employer under situations or directions not prior agreed upon with the employer or simply disallowed by the employer, the precedent is set for the master to excuse themselves from the omissions of their staff. This balance puts employers at the helm of deciding and defining their work relations with their employees. Serving as a practicing nurse, there are many responsibilities that fall on the shoulders of the incumbent in such a position. For example a more experienced and clearly skilled nurse is put in charge of junior staff in the nursing department. The senior nurse is by this doctrine expected to ‘carry the cross’ for the acts of omission or commission for which the juniors expose

Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Analytical Frameworks to Global Essay

Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Analytical Frameworks to Global Supply Chains - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in today’s competitive scenario, competitive advantage can be developed and customers can be satisfied through managing transportation, production schedules and plans, information flow and inventory. There are organizations competing on the global platform by collaboratively working with various international suppliers, outsourcing as well as marketing to consumers located across the globe. The global reality puts more emphasis on supply chain management to be successful. Global supply chains mainly focus on global business and there are different analytic frameworks that support the process. There is the operational and strategic way of thinking about supply chains so as to identify the appropriate mechanism in a particular context. For an entrepreneur or an organization to be successful, it is essential that innovation is incorporated into supply chains in order to achieve desired outcomes. This study will focus on three major analytical framework s related to global supply chains such as supply chain management, global commodity chains, and global production networks. Their respective internal strengths and weakness justify their suitability in a significant global business framework. When organizations get involved in supply chain they need to make effective decisions regarding ways of handling primary supply chain activities. For instance, Toyota is an ideal example when it comes to describing the concept of supply chain management. This company outsourced certain factors of a supply chain in which they were not proficient. Toyota was able to design a JIT system since it had a strong relationship with its suppliers. Often for an effective supply chain management, it is essential to have all components aligned with common goals and objectives. There are certain major strengths associated with supply chain management such as it enhances the level of profit margins. Due to supply chain management, an organization can coordina te well with its suppliers and end customers to achieve high margins of revenue. A supply chain management even facilitates less of time delays that help in sustaining business operations in a competitive environment. On the other hand, flexibility can be regarded as other strength of supply chain management.

Were the liberal thinkers of the interwar period wrong to believe that Essay

Were the liberal thinkers of the interwar period wrong to believe that peace can be secured through international law and institutions - Essay Example With the atrocities of World War I (WWI) still fresh in the memory of most politicians, and with world anarchy a realistic proposition, the only viable interwar option available in the war vs. non-war dichotomy appeared to be the â€Å"Balance of Power† strategy championed by some of the days’ great thinkers (Sylvest, 24). Strained international relations made â€Å"balancing† power in an equitable, mutually agreeable manner a lofty, but urgent, goal. Realistically, an international institution with multiple stakeholders, representing all major world powers seemed to be the way forward – considering the immense toll (human and economic) the war had taken (Sylvest, 28, Ranney, 4). From the outset, however, there was significant philosophical disagreement about the ultimate roles and goals of such an institution, both between and within governments. The British Labour Party maintained an internationalist (not dissimilar to the concept of idealism in many way s) perspective, having fought the war along nationalist lines. Specifically, the party maintained that world progress, the ultimate target, could only be achieved by way of global democracy and world law. In this way, the party, and the internationalists as a group, argued that a) the conditions of international politics were malleable and that b) deliberate reform was necessary to enact democratic conditions (Sylvest, 20). As with many burgeoning ideologies, some of the internationalist philosophies were divisive: a liberal faction of the party held that the state could not impinge on the inalienable rights of individuals, and a socialist internationalist faction, in Marxist style, argued that â€Å"working men have no state (Goldmann, 56).†Although the internationalist perspective became popular and gained momentum, it did not fully represent either of the dominant views of the day: idealism and realism. The realists maintained, (some would argue as a reaction to interwar i dealism), that the conditions of international politics could not be changed, a nation’s main duty was to isolate and protect itself, nation states were primary actors in international politics, that the international system reached a dynamic but peaceful equilibrium via natural struggles for power (as opposed to a central governing body), and that nations must help themselves – as opposed to relying on assistance from others (Schmidt, 435). Conversely, the retroactively labeled †idealists† of the time, bolstered and transformed by Woodrow Wilson’s commitment to American Exceptionalism and belief in the power of democracy (embodied and communicated through his â€Å"Fourteen points† speech), promoted an ideological that aimed to transcend the left-right divide and establish peace through ongoing commitment to moral and ethical concerns – even at the potential cost of negatively impacting the nation state. To many, the idealists’ belief in democratic peace theory - the concept that similarly democratic nations do not fight each other, was especially appealing (Hoogenboom, 190). Though much space and attention has been devoted in textbooks to the dichotomization of the realist and idealist viewpoints of the day, and the idea of a peacekeeping international institution is often synonymous with Woodrow Wilson, in truth, the origins of these ideologies and potential resolution strategies span back much further. Two centuries prior to WWI and Wilson, Kant’s (1972) Perpetual Peace posits that the natural position of governments towards counterparts is war – which creates problems because conflicts between humans are unethical and â€Å"inconsistent with the rights of humanity.† Kant argued that war could essentially be institutionalized and regulated in order to

Democracy though media Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Democracy though media - Article Example The new media has exponentially augmented the access to information and has dramatically expanded the scope of free speech. The global flow of information has enabled people around the world to test and contrast the archaic models of civic life with the emerging trends and influences. The pivotal question in this context is that is the new media ubiquitous and if it is so, does it have the potential to contribute to the cause of democracy at a global scale? I s new media contributing to democratic values in Castro’s Cuba or in war ravaged Afghanistan? A general perusal of the history establishes beyond doubt that one or other form of media did play an essential role in the dissemination of political values and ideologies in the 20th century. Lenin’s smuggling of Iskra into Russia, nine decades ago is an apt example of the subversion of a regime through the usage of media (Leighley, 2003). The ground for the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1978 was possibly laid down when the supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini managed to smuggle audio cassettes into the mosques in Iran (Leighley, 2003). Actually, in many cases, the media was able to impart an aura of credibility to the political content transmitted through it, thereby manifold increasing its effectiveness and impact. For example, when the B92 Radio Station in Serbia was banned by the Milosevic regime, it managed to remain on air by closely associating with the international news organizations like CNN, BBC and Voice of America (Leighley, 2003). The net result was that the cover age of B92 being transmitted into Serbia from outside began to be regarded by its recipients as more credible and authentic than before. The recent Spring Revolution in the Middle East had an inevitable new media element associated with it. The same stands to be true for the recent uprisings in Indonesia. To a great extent it is true that though media has already been a part of most

The Charismatic Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

The Charismatic Leadership Style Essay The Charismatic Leadership Style I have chosen to write my journal article on a leadership style known as a Ccharismatic Leader. Its difficult to identify the characteristics that make a leader charismatic, but they certainly include the ability to communicate on a very powerful emotional level, and probably include some personality traits. I do not believe that charismatic leadership is essential to be an effective leader but it can enhance the leadership journey. The Charismatic Leader gathers followers through based upon their personality and charm, rather than any form of external power or authority. Possessing these characteristics can be an extremely powerful way to gain and lead others. They can also make their followers (ordinary people) do some pretty extraordinary things. Charismatic leaders have the ability to sense the gap that exists between what an organization and culture of people and empower them to come together as one. By bridging this gap the leader can create a vision of a future state that everyone believes will be better than the current one. The charismatic leader often communicates their vision using metaphors and stories in ways that everyone can understand the vision. Their followers see the leader as one that possesses the ability to visualize the future with clarity. Their followers are also able to see how they fit into this future state and believe it will be better than today. Charismatic leaders do these things constantly in large and small ways. Charismatic Leaders are visionaries. They focus on transforming situations, not just maintaining. They will show great confidence in their followers. They are very persuasive and make very effective use of body language as well as verbal language. Many politicians use a charismatic style, as they need to gather a large number of followers. The person who I think is a great charismatic leader is Barack Obama. I have listened to a lot of his speeches and he has the power to motivate and empower people with his words, his testimony and his story of overcoming many trials and obstacles. Barack Obama is often compared to John F. Kennedy, who is arguably the most charismatic President of the United States. â€Å"Todays environment emphasizes organizational learning and follower empowerment conditions that promote mutual respect and dialogue. However, even in this environment leaders can, sometimes unwittingly, enact subtle abuses. Generally included in the typical definition of power are the notions of dependency and control: a leaders ability to determine followers behavior stems at least in part from the followers dependency on the leader. This, in turn, is based on leaders control over the various aspects of organizational life affecting followers or perceived as needed by followers, such as material resources and organizational advancement.

The History Of Greek Goddess Athena

The History Of Greek Goddess Athena The history of Greece was filled with gods and goddesses. The greatest god was Zeus, and his daughter Athena showed to be nothing less of him. Athena carried with her the traits of a successor of the great Zeus. She was born right out of his head. Zeus at the time was married to Metis, and she was fated to give birth one of two children- a girl or a boy. If a boy, he would one day prove more powerful than Zeus (Gall and Gall 1). Zeus not wanting that threat, swallowed the pregnant Metis before she could give birth (Gall and Gall 2). Soon Zeus began complaining about headaches and ordered Hephaestus to open up his head. By doing this, Athena sprang from his head, fully grown and dressed in full armor (Gall and Gall 2). Her powers and skills gave her the title of being goddess of war, wisdom, and the practical arts. Even though Ares was the official god of war, she was considered the goddess of war. Unlike Ares, who was known for his madness and furry of war, Athena showed the people a new way of battle, a way being more strategic and intelligent (Gall and Gall 2). Athenas known look depicts her wearing a helmet and carrying the aegis, a round shield or breastplate with Medusas head in the center (Gall and Gall 1) Besides her tactics, Athena also taught the people of Cyrene the art of taming horses, showed Erichthonius how to harness the first war chariots, and was present while Jasons companions were building the first ship Argo (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athena uses her abilities of battle to extend her protection not only to individuals but also to entire cities, and those cities in return, symbolize her using the Palladia or statues of herself which had, it was claimed, fallen from heaven (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athena also participated in many of the Greek wars, taking part in the war against the giants, killing Pallas and hurling her chariot against Enceladus whom she crushed under the island of Sicily (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). In another battle, she overthrows Ares. Also, in a battle against the titans, the titans threw a dragon at her, but with her mighty shield, flung the dragon into the skies, becoming the constellation Draco (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). After she got armed, Athena mounted on to the chariot of Diomedes, seized the whip and reins herself, and flung the horses against Ares, whom she stretched on the ground with a blow of her spear (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). The aggression of this goddess proved her to be manly. She was the virgin goddess in a world that knew no original sin, no sinfulness sex, no Vestal Virgins (Cavendish 165) Another name Athena possessed was Goddess of Wisdom. In one of her well known stories, Athenas wisdom outmatches Poseidons. Both of them wanted to be honored in the city of Athens, so they decided to compete for the peoples votes on who could give the city the best gift (Moulton 80). Poseidon caused a salt water spring to burst forth, while Athena planted an olive tree (Moulton 80). The people decided that Athenas olive tree, providing both oil and fruits, was of more use to them than Poseidons water fountain (George). Athena is not only honored in one city, but in many others, such as at Elis (Cavendish 166). Even though Athena is honored in more than one city, Athens still remains the one that honors her the most. Inside the temple Parthenon, a 37- foot ivory and gold statue of the goddess Athena was built in her honor (Gall and Gall 5). And Pisistratus, ruler of Athens, put Athenas head on the citys coins, built her a new temple, and made the Great Panathenea more splendid (Cavend ish 162). Almost every god or mortal respected Athena for her abilities, and wisdom was one of the most respected. A symbol representing her was the owl, and it symbolizes wisdom throughout the land (Gall and Gall 1). Besides the owl, the snake and olive branch were her symbols (George). The last name Athena went by was the goddess of the practical arts. She was goddess of many of the arts such as agriculture, navigation, and the production of wool. This included spinning weaving, and needle work. Her excellence of arts inspired the construction of the worlds first ship and the Trojan horse. (Gall and Gall 1) Athena was also credited for the creation of the flute, but she denies it, calling the instrument neither powerful nor beautiful enough. (Athena, Greek Goddess [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]) Although she was known for many of these arts, the one she excelled in the most was mainly weaving. The most famous story in which Athena shows her weaving and magic skills is Arachnids Challenge. A mortal human lady challenged Athena to a weaving contest, saying that her skills were better than Athenas. At the end, Athena admitted the human ladys skills equaled her own. After hearing this, the lady was so excited, bragging that she had beaten Athena in a weaving contest. Athena, furiou s, used her magic and transformed her into Arachnid, cursed to walk the earth weaving her beautiful threads (Athena, Greek Goddess [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athenas greatness in the Greek stories stood out among the other Gods. She ruled over victory, wisdom, arts, and commonly known as the war goddess. Athens for particular worshipped her. Though being honored in many other cities, Athens was considered her city, no one elses. The Athenians built a temple, Parthenon, on the Acropolis to honor the goddess, which became one of the greatest shrines in Greek history (Moulton 80). Athena, lives on forever in their hearts, and what she contributed lasts us all an eternity. Modern Greek cities and small towns names derived from Athena. One of the biggest modern references is the great city of Athens. Work Cited Athena, Greek Goddess of Wisdom Craftsmanship. Goddessgift.com. 07 Dec. 2008 . Cavendish, Richard., ed. Man, Myth Magic an illustrated encyclopedia of the supernatural. New York: Marshall Cavendish corporation, 1970. Gall, Timothy, Susan Gall., ed. Greek Roman Mythology. Cleveland, Ohio: The Lincoln Library Press, 2006. George, Roy. The Goddess Athena. Goddess-Athena.org. 2001. 03 Dec. 2008 . Moulton, Carroll., ed. Ancient Greece and Rome. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1998.

Black Holes Essay -- essays research papers

Black Holes Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity, and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a black hole. Loosely speaking, a black hole is a region of space that has so much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. Since our best theory of gravity at the moment is Einstein's general theory of relativity, we have to delve into some results of this theory to understand black holes in detail, by thinking about gravity under fairly simple circumstances. Suppose that you are standing on the surface of a planet. You throw a rock straight up into the air. Assuming you don't throw it too hard, it will rise for a while, but eventually the acceleration due to the planet's gravity will make it start to fall down again. If you threw the rock hard enough, though, you could make it escape the planet's gravity entirely. It would keep on rising forever. The speed with which you need to throw the rock in order that it just barely escapes the planet's gravity is called the "escape velocity." As you would expect, the escape velocity depends on the mass of the planet: if the planet is extremely massive, then its gravity is very strong, and the escape velocity is high. A lighter planet would have a smaller escape velocity. The escape velocity also depends on how far you are from the planet's center: the closer you are, the higher the escape velocity . The Earth's escape velocity is 11.2 kilometers per second (about 25,000 M.P.H.), while th e Moon's is only 2.4 kilometers per second (about 5300 M.P.H.). We cannot see it, but radiation is emitted by any matter that gets swallowed by black hole in the form of X-rays. Matter usually orbits a black hole before being swallowed. The matter spins very fast and with other matter forms an accretion disk of rapidly spinning matter. This accretion disk heats up through friction to such high temperatures that it emits X-rays. And also there is some X-ray sources which have all the properties described above. Unfortunately it is impossible to distinguish between a black hole and a neutron star unless we can prove that the mass of the unseen component is too great for a neutron star. Strong evidence was found by Royal Greenwich Observatory astronomers that one of these sources called Cyg X-1 (whic... ...detect this radiation was Joseph Weber. He eventually came up with the first bar gravity-wave detector. This was a long aluminum cylinder, 2m by  ½m, that should be compressed with an incoming gravity wave. To detect this compression he wired piezoelectric crystals, which respond to pressure by generating an electric current, to the outside surface of the bar. Although it didn't work, other bar detectors were built that used a device called a stroboscopic sensor to filter out random vibrations. This was an ingenious device, but it too proved to be a non-contributor in the advancement of learning more of the galaxy. Just as X-ray astronomy went from simple detectors in the noses of rockets to full fledged X-ray telescopes housed in orbiting satellites, and radio astronomy went from crude dishes to continent spanning arrays, gravity wave detectors may show a completely new spectrum. And, just as X-rays brought a completely new universe into focus, one can hardly imagine what a gr avitational view of the universe will reveal. At the very least, we will have definitive proof or denial of black holes, but we may find that black holes are some of the more subtle features of the universe.

Male Dominance in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper

Male Dominance in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper "I want to astonish him," (34) says the narrator, referring to her husband, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper, as she writhes behind the patterns of her yellow wallpaper, locked in her room of barred windows, sunken in the lunacy that she cannot evade. This short, ambitious phrase placed squarely on the page beneath stacks of similarly short-winded phrases that string together this diary-style narrative conveys most clearly the narrator's prime audience for her actions: John. He is her husband, her care-taker, the only man in her life, and in spite of the near-reverence that the narrator has for him, it is only in the final pages, when this stunning sentence is uttered, that John's wife endeavors to earn more than John's respect for her. She wants to provoke awe, the sort of "astonishment" that might make him feel as though he were mad, and would, thus, free his wife from beneath his condescending gaze. For the act, or the being-caught-in-the-act, of tearing off the wallpaper, and not the removal of the paper itself, will liberate the narrator most fully. What binds John's wife, what binds the woman reflected back at her behind the wallpaper's troubling patterns, is not so much the physical trappings of the home, but the less visible patriarchal society of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In The Short Story: the Reality of Artifice, Charles May cites Bonaro Overstreet's description of twentieth century drama, calling it "the drama of what goes on in the mind" (17). Gilman's story inhabits the dynamic mind of a woman willing to disclose to her readers everything she sees and feels. This first-person confessional, littere... .... Gilman's startling ending comes after nearly six pages of intensification, and it is a most dramatic finale, perhaps the heartiest parody of that Gothic romance mentioned early on. When John faints, revealed to the reader by the narrator's question, for isn't that silly of him, the story to clatters to a most rousing close. She has astonished him, into unconsciousness, toppled him like a tower the way she peeled the paper from the wall. And there, upon the ground, John remains, Gilman's weighty, though squeamish, symbol of male dominance around which the narrator, the woman writer, may now creep, though ultimately, one hopes, stand before and walk with. Works Cited May, Charles. The Short Story: the Reality of Artifice. New York: Twayne Publishers, 2002 edition. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. London: VIRAGO Press, 1988 edition.

Competitive Grants, Action Research Proposal, and Business Plans Essay

Competitive grants, action research proposals, and business plans all seem to be predisposed with results and outcomes. All three seem to be geared towards the realization of a goal or an objective that supports desirable changes and results in society. Competitive grants are designed to be able to provide help and support to various populations who are in dire need of them (USDH, 2000). Action Research Proposals are written because of the need for changes in people’s behavior and responses toward certain issues or themes that need to be improved in order to result to desirable change through action research (Ferrance, 2000). Business plans are also designed in such a way that it provides for the needs of the consumers or the people and influence desirable changes in the economy and the satisfaction of the nation. It includes all the most important decision that one can make in order to make the business progress and be successful in its venture. (My Own Business, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, competitive grants, action research proposals, and business plans are instrumental in identifying and determining the varied needs of members in the society. These three also differ in their purpose, content, and outline. To have a deeper understanding about the similarities and differences among these three, the discussion about their nature and characteristics is relevant and will be stated in the following paragraphs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Funding programs for a specific group of population takes on the form of competitive grants. Competitive grants aim to address the growing needs of and problems in society. However, grants are only available to those who are eligible to apply and be granted access to the benefits and advantages that goes along with the grant. The funding and support that come from competitive grants are only limited to those who fit the characteristics of its target population. Moreover, these grants are only available for a limited period of time as proclaimed by the public or private organization implementing the program. Examples of competitive grants include training programs for young people who cannot afford to go to school, funding for nutrition and a healthy lifestyle advocacy, etc. (USDH, 2000)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An action research proposal plays a significant role in conducting a research, especially one that is academic in nature. The purpose of an action research proposal is to establish a background about the theme that is to be addressed after the research. In addition, an action research aims to influence change in certain processes and progressions that would in turn affect desirable changes in society. The action research proposal is instrumental in the accomplishment of this mission as it provides an overview of the problem and the solutions that would cause pleasant changes. The action research proposal is the basis of the action research. All the information and other action researches that have been conducted in the past are included in the proposal. In addition, it also contains predictions or calculated guesses of what the action research would lead to. It also includes the various processes that will be employed in order to collect all data, interpret them, and establish a solution to the main problem in the proposal. (Ferrance, 2000)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A business plan is a tool used by professionals in the business arena to predict the status of a specific business venture. It is also a way of preventing losses or cutbacks in the future. The business plan also continuously functions as a monitoring guide in evaluating or assessing the path of the business, whether it follows the plan or it is progressing or digressing in a different direction. Therefore, it is important to include substantial information and integrate it in the plan in order to see that changes that are occurring in a business enterprise. (Berry, 2008) The business plan is also broad than the action plan proposal and the competitive grant because it covers a wider range of information, from consumers, to human resources, capital funds, marketing strategies, etc. (My Own Business, 2007) References Berry, T. (2008). What is a Business Plan? Retrieved March 22, 2008, from Palo Alto Software, Inc. Website: http://articles.bplans.com/index.php/business-articles/writing-a-business-plan/What-is-a-Business-Plan?/ Ferrance, A. (2000). Action Research. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from The Education Alliance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Website: http://www.alliance.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf My Own Business. (2007). Business Plan. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from My Own Business,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inc. Website: http://www.myownbusiness.org/s2/#1 USDH. (2000). What is a Competitive Grant Program. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from U.S.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Department of Housing. Website: http://www.hud.gov/nofa/suprnofa/sprprt1b.cfm

Global Wine War Case 2009 Essay

How were the French able to dominate the worldwide wine trade for centuries ? What sources of competitive advantage did they develop to support their exports ? France and the Mediterranean region is closely tied to the Wine History. It has started since the Roman Empire, and has been fully integrated to the European culture with the Christian era : Monasteries planted vines and built wineries. The nobility started also planting vineyards as a mark of prestige. In this early market, France has been dominant thanks to key advantages : 1. Factors Conditions : First, their geographic and climatic features played significant role. As France is in the middle of Europe culture with suitable climate and soil condition for harvesting grape, had accrued first-mover advantage and established its place as the dominant competitor in the global wine industry. 2. Demand Conditions : The Distribution and Marketing made the fame of French wine. The nà ©gociants traded wine between France and other countries and this worked as word-of-mouth effect, increasing the reputation and dominance of French wine. 3. Innovation. In the late 18th century, French producers had experienced a massive innovation in the market. Mass production of glass bottles, the use of cork stoppers and the development of pasteurization revolutionized the industry. Those innovation got the distribution and Marketing easier. These innovations increased the stability and longevity of wine which allowed the transportation of wine to distant places, and birth of global wine market. 4. Government : Protection from the government. As the industry developed, the French government controlled the wine production and quality, regulations like AOC and VDQS, set detailed and quite rigid standards for vineyards and wine makers. Doing so, the local producers were protected with labels. This classification contributed to make the fame of many wine producers (Bordeaux,†¦) Given the longstanding dominance of Old World wine producers, how were the New World producers, such as the Australians, able to expand their market share so rapidly in the 1990’s ? The wine production has turned global. Nowadays, the wine production is no longer the preserved domain of France and other Old World countries. Some countries such as Australia have seen many strong producers challenging the French dominance. The expansion of their market share has been made possible thanks to key advantages : 1 – Factors Conditions : Geographical and climate factors : suitable lands was widely available and less expensive than in France. This fact, matched with a cheaper labor force, contributed to get the price per bottle lower. Innovation have permitted to get the production cost lower. Controlled drip irrigation allowed expansion into marginal land and reduced vintage variability. The harvesting has been mechanized 2 – Demand conditions : The intern demand has kept growing since the post war period. In Australia, the annual consumption per capita grew from 2 liters in 1960 to 24 liters in 2006. This demand enable producers to built their marketing expertise in their home market during the 1970’s, then they export it. 3 – Firm strategy, structure and rivalries Reinventing the Marketing Model : innovative in packaging and marketing. The Australian developed : the â€Å"wine in a box† package which is more suitable for the current market. screw caps Australia took advantages of a differentiation strategy. They made their bottle more appealing for unaccustomed wine consumers. In addition, new-world producers learned the value of product differentiation and consumer focused attitudes to create mass appeal. The New World companies controlled the full value chain, extracting margins at every level. new-world producers moved away from multilevel value chains that caused operating inefficiencies. Instead, the new-world producers typically controlled the full-value chain, extracting margins at each level and retaining bargaining power. On a contrary, The main vulnerable aspects of French wine industry were highly fragmented vineyard and wine production, increasing vineyard prices per acre, complex distribution and sales system, long multilevel value chain, risk of bad weather and disease; and poor roads and complex toll and tax system. Those aspects contributed to the decline of French wine on the market. What advice would you offer today to the head of the French wine industry association ? The extent of differentiation was a governmental classification system of quality based on rules and controls. => The wine market was complex and highly fragmented. The classifications helped customers understand purchase Focus was on large volume production, not quality => Wine became culturally and economically significant. In 1750’s, France was the 2nd largest exporter after Italy. As the Global Wine Wars article mentions, marketing style, freedom and willingness to innovate, wine style, and business models of the New World are good starting points for the Old World to copy. In order to compete effectively with the â€Å"New World† markets, the â€Å"old world† wine producers need to cooperate on various levels. Deregulation of many of the existing laws that appear to be competitive barriers would be a starting point. Getting the European Union to review the AOC, DOC, and WDQS classifications to create a vastly simpler system would make it easier for them to p enetrate the mass market. Allying with some of the â€Å"new world† markets such as Argentina and Chile would help offset some of the advantages the U.S. and Australia have with regards to land, mechanization of labor, and low cost labor. Taking these markets under their umbrella would lend credence and value to Chilean and Argentinean wines and also open doors to penetrate the growing South American wine market which is not nearly as saturated as other markets. Trading industry know how for access to cheap land and labor is becoming more and more of a necessity with the growth of globalization. Taking advantage of established new world innovations would also be seen as an easy way to increase productivity of small lots. The relatively small lot size which divides the old world into many distinct regions is a crippling handicap. If the smaller wine lots were able to coalesce into cooperatives, they would be able to market more efficiently due to increased resources. Also, despite the originality of the Old World wines, perhaps a break with traditional methods could increase the marketability with the fresh generation Y market. Focusing these revamped marketing efforts in the Asian market with a keen eye towards ensuring the â€Å"distance† problems are resolved as they arise would also give an edge to the old world. By attempting to pull out of the â€Å"red ocean strategy† and moving more towards the â€Å"blue ocean strategy† the old world could feasibly remove many of the aspects of competition that are harming it currently. Besides the Far Eastern market, there are possibilities in Canada (who shares many old world ties), the Middle East, Africa, and perhaps Latin America. Reanalyzing the â€Å"government solution† for flaws that hurt the old world wine countries would also be a viable means of making the old world more competitive. If all else fails, old world growers could band together to fund and support the CAV on an international level and see if positive results could be had from the CAV’s worldwide efforts.

Results and Discussion Sample

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The measurement that were recorded from the experiment focused more on how the orange peel affect the growth of the mung bean plant over the course of the experiment. Table 1. Effect of Orange Peel to the Mung Bean Plant Trial 1| Orange Peel Growth Enhancer| Commercial Growth Enhancer| Pot 1| Week 1| Week 2| Week 1| | The mung bean plant sprouted a little. | The mung bean plant grew faster after putting a large amount of orange peel. | The mung bean plant grew faster. Trial 2| Orange PeelGrowth Enhancer| CommercialGrowth Enhancer| Pot 1| Week 1| Week 2 | Week 1| | The mung bean plant sprouted a little. | The mung bean plant grew faster after putting a large amount of orange peel. | The mung bean plant grew faster. | Table 1 shows the growth of the mung bean plant during a two-week period in two trials. As the table shows, when you put little amount of orange peel to the plant and when you put a large amount of orange peel to the plant. The mung bean plant grows faster using commercial growth enhancer. But using the orange peel as growth enhancer is somehow effective. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Based from the data gathered, the researchers conclude that the orange peel can be a good growth enhancer to mung bean plant. It gives a fast reaction to the plant. It has the same effect with commercial growth enhancers on mung bean plant. Recommendations Based from the drawn conclusions, the researchers recommend the following: 1. Conduct more reliable test using varied plants and test whether the growth enhancer will really help in faster plant growth. 2. Apply different measurement of the materials. Since putting a lot the orange peel to the plant gives faster reaction, try to apply less amount of it and test it. 3. Make one or more of the growth enhancer, and with different measurement of the materials, test whether it is more effective if you apply more orange peel or if it still effective if you put less orange peel to the plant.

Fdi Norms, Foreign Participation in an Indian Insurance Company

As per the current (Mar 06) FDI norms, foreign participation in an Indian insurance company is restricted to 26. 0% of its equity / ordinary share capital. The Union Budget for fiscal 2005 had recommended that the ceiling on foreign holding be increased to 49. 0%. The government approved the much-awaited comprehensive Insurance Bill that seeks to raise foreign direct investment (FDI) cap in private sector to 49 per cent from 26 per cent. abc 4JVGh 7596 Insurance Market in India: Past-Present-Future pic2 pyYXW 7596FDI Cap 49% from 26%: Impact on Indian Insurance Industry A higher foreign direct investment (FDI) will unshackle the insurance industry and drive growth and long-term development enrich the business by bringing world-class business practices and processes expand distribution capabilities and deepen market penetration. Over US$ 2 billion of foreign capital could flow into the country if the Government were to pass the Insurance Amendment Bill that raises the FDI limit. Scene 1: Change in waive service tax on micro insurance productsThe growth of the rural insurance industry necessitates a waiver of the service tax, which currently stands at 10. 3 per cent, including education cess. This tax is detrimental to the growth of the rural insurance industry and insensitive to the plight of rural populace which lacks quality healthcare and is vulnerable to numerous perils, including illness, accidental death and disability, loss of property due to theft or fire, agricultural losses, and disasters of both the natural and man-made varieties.Rural insurance has an enormous potential for growth and a service tax waiver will make micro insurance products more affordable for the rural populace, and will drive pan-India penetration of this market. Scene 2: Revision on Service tax on small transactions There is an urgent need to increase the threshold for the levy of service tax on policies. The present notification exempts small transactions involving premium of less than Rs 50 (except motor insurance) from the ambit of service tax.The threshold limit of Rs 50 which was fixed in 1994 needs urgent revision. Small transactions involving premium up to Rs 1,000 should be exempt from service tax which will benefit the under-privileged sections of our society. Insurance premium for covering small and medium enterprise risks should be exempt from service tax. For other insurance products, we would like a reduction in the service tax by at least 3-4 per cent. Scene 3: Exempting personal insurance from service taxThere is an overwhelming demand across all players in the industry that individual health insurance policies should be totally exempt from service tax. Exemption of health insurance from the service tax will make health cover affordable and accessible for the layman. Consequently, cheaper health insurance will increase its pan-India penetration. Additional IT exemption for householders’ policies and concessional IT rates will give a fill ip to home insurance and will also reduce the burden on the government in the event of catastrophes. Scene 4: Exemption for profit on sale of investmentsTo encourage general insurance players to be active participants in capital markets, there is a requirement for specific exemption from income-tax on profit on sale of investments. The issue of admissibility of UPR (unexpired premium reserves) as per IRDA regulations rather than as per Insurance Act only, for IT deductions. The UPR is at present restricted to the extent of limits specified in rule 6E of the Income Tax rules due to which insurance companies need to pay tax beyond their profit disclosed in their audited accounts. Hence, the UPR created as per IRDA regulations should be allowed as per rule 6E.

A Clockwork Orange: A Psychological Analysis Essay

The major theme of the movie can be interpreted as a major revulsion of psychological behaviorism as developed by B. F. Skinner and John Watson. Behaviorism states that behavior is a continuous learning process reinforced by reward systems. It also states that personality is nothing but a reflection of behavior, since the latter defines the former. In the movie, there were several attempts to reject the idea of behaviorism. Here are as follows: 1) At some point in the movie, Alex and his friends attempted to use â€Å"narcotic mixed milk† in order to improve their â€Å"violence instinct; 2) Alex sexual violence in the movie was deliberate and out of consciousness. It was the case when Alex wounded the â€Å"cat lady† after a sexual orgasm; 3) When Alex was in jail, he developed the so-called â€Å"Ludovico technique†, a method of rehabilitating criminals. When the minister of the interior requested the jail for potential candidates for the treatment, Alex volunteered. During the treatment, he consciously attempted to stop it by showing that the treatment already cured him (in fact, he knew the loopholes of the treatment); 4) And, after some psychological tests in the prison, he realized that he was never criminally repulsive. He began to like Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. Alex realized that he has no aversion with the music. In fact, he realized that the treatment itself never changed his behavioral outlook, since it was deliberate. The Ludovico technique is a method which uses operant conditioning (which was implied in the movie) (reinforcer). The purpose of the technique was to put the â€Å"patient† in a condition to which he/she has aversion. In this way, the â€Å"patient† would avoid such circumstance. A repeated application of the technique to the same patient would therefore be therapeutic. The main character though has a means to reinforce his violent behavior (reinforcement). Alex knew the problems of his technique and constructed loopholes to avoid it. In a sense, Alex became the primary reinforcer. He controlled the patterns of his own behavior by systematic analysis of the consequences of his behavior. Moreover, Alex knew that the Ludovico technique would never alter his actions precisely because he reinforced his own behavior. Now, what is the probability that Alex criminal behavior may occur again after reinforcement? The answer lies on the concept of operant response. In the case of Alex, the probability is close to 1. Alex knew that the technique would never change his behavior. In fact, he created the technique in order to â€Å"retain† his behavior. Moreover, because the technique proved ineffective in Alex’s case, then one may assume that Alex’s behavior did not really change. His response to the technique was deliberate and orchestrated. It is possible to say that the Ludovico technique failed to change Alex’s behavior because of faulty interval schedules. Interval schedules require a minimum period of time that must pass between consecutive reinforced responses. The interval should neither be too short nor too long. If the interval is short, then the â€Å"patient† may become entrenched with his/her behavior (nothing will change). If the interval is long, then the â€Å"patient† will be used to the technique (and therefore can possibly resist the technique). In the case of Alex, the interval schedule is close to short. It is possible that Alex may have been entrenched in his violent behavior because of the short interval schedule. Reference A Clockwork Orange. 1971. Directed by Stanley Kubrick.

The Impact of Postmodernism in the 21st Century Media Essay

The Impact of Postmodernism in the 21st Century Media - Essay Example Postmodernism, on the other hand, is a complicated term. Some define it as a phenomenon or a cultural movement. As Stanley Gentz elaborated in his book, A Primer to Postmodernism (1996), â€Å"Postmodernism affirms that whatever we accept as truth and even the way we envision truth are dependent on the community in which we participate. ... There is no absolute truth; rather, truth is relative to the community in which we participate." Jean-Franà §ois Lyotard in his paper The Postmodern Condition (1984) defined modernity as Enlightenment or as the culmination of Enlightenment thought. Largely defined by incredulity toward the grand narratives, he noted that postmodernity have sought to explain the world. Lyotard also averred that postmodernism designates the state of our culture following the transformations which, since the end of the nineteenth century, have altered the game rules for science, literature, and the arts. Thus, he furthered that: In a society whose communication component is becoming more prominent day by day, both as a reality and as an issue, it is clear that language assumes a new importance. It would be superficial to reduce its significance to the traditional alternative between manipulatory speech and the unilateral transmission of messages on the one hand, and free expression and dialogue on the other. Moreover, because it is a concept that appears in a wide variety of disciplines or areas of study, including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion, and technology, postmodernism appears to be difficult to confine in a simple meaning. It's hard to locate it temporally or historically, since it's not clear exactly when postmodernism begins. In the character of our changing times, people have come to live not only in a situated culture, but in a culture of mediation since the 19th century. The press, film and cinema, television and radio and more recently, the Internet, have developed to supply larger scale means of public communication. Our situated culture exists within a much wider mediated world. The introduction of the term 'global village' in the 1960's illustrates how much our world has changed and the change is due almost entirely to the development of mass communications. With the recent spate of electronic media, like the Net, mass media is inarguably the most democratizing, empowering state that man has ever built. Agreeing to this is Black American activist Malcolm X, as he succinctly stated that, "The media is the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that's power. Because they control the minds of the masses." Sociologists have long agreed that the media has a marked impact not only in opinion, but also on the way people dress, act and relate with one another. Our cultural experiences attests to the development of systems of mass communication, like the television. New York Post critic Clive Barnes reckoned that "Television is the first truly democratic culture - the first culture available to everybody and entirely governed by what the people want. The most terrifying thing is what people do want." Studies have substantiated Barnes' scary

Holy Wear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Holy Wear - Essay Example ated places that the believers in the faith consider as sacred, such as Gaya in Buddhism, Kasi in Hindu religion, Mecca and Medina in Islam and Jerusalem in Christianity. Conventional philosophy believes that sacred or holy things exude â€Å"potent meanings and significances† to believers and the presence of such things offers some â€Å"inherent benefits† (23). On the other hand, the postmodern view on the sacred deviate drastically from the traditional view, which contends that the meanings to the holy are not inherent but attributed by the believers as an outcome of their â€Å"cultural practice† (23). It, therefore, transpires that illogical or irrational notions such as sacred derive from communal and social practices of certain dominant cultures like Greek civilization as well as the customs being followed within various religions. My photographic project called â€Å"Holy Wear† incorporates the philosophy of Roland Barthes, which identifies culture as the â€Å"contract arrived at† between the creators of art and its consumers (Barthes 1981:27). In this context, the photograph of the monk illustrates the Lama culture and imbibes in the viewers a sense of holyness in his attire, which represents sacredness for the believers in Buddhist religion. Thus, irrespective of logic or rationality, the audience of the photo associate holynesss to the clothes worn by the monk because the cultural practices have informed them that the attire of the monk is a â€Å"Holy Wear.† Similarly, the attire and appearance of the Hindu saint will inspire awe and a sense of holiness in people practicing Hindu religion or those who understand various cultural nuances relating to that religion. Therefore, it can be construed that the emotions and sensations that these photographs emulate derive not from any logic o r rational appreciation of the meaning of sacred or holy but due to the association of the images to various cultural practices. The photographs also validate Barthes’

Business Environment and Society Buyer Behaviour Essay

Business Environment and Society Buyer Behaviour - Essay Example The possessions that we have to tell much about us and the psychology behind consumer behavior hence should be central to understanding consumer behavior. This is mostly because people use possessions to define themselves or create their identities (extended self) especially in contemporary society based on materialism. As such, we are what we have and possessions are an extension of our selves. This has implication for marketers as they should strive to understand the value attached to possessions by consumers in order to develop effective marketing strategies. There are many theories put forward to explain customer behavior. Economic theory views the customer as a rational and self-interested decision maker hence consumes to maximize utility. The theory thus concentrates on the buying action. The psychodynamic approach is attributed to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and posits that the instinctive forces of Id, Ego, and Superego are drivers of behavior. The behaviorist theory views beha vior as being driven by external forces or events. The cognitive theory attributes behavior to information processing in one’s mind while humanistic theory stresses the role of emotions in consumer behavior. This essay will utilize the theories of consumer behavior to discuss the concept of extended self and its effects on consumer purchasing behavior. The idea of extended self is based on the fact that we are what we have; that is, we define ourselves based on the things that we possess. Belk (1988, 139) argues that â€Å"our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities.† He came up with this conclusion after collecting a variety of evidence and regarded it as the ‘extended self.’ The major categories of extended self according to Belk are a body, internal processes, ideas, experiences and those persons, places and things to which one feels attached.  

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 9

Research Proposal - Essay Example It is in this way that the dual nature of the data demanded will be taken care of. However, it should be pointed that on the basis of the literature review, it is established that low bone content is associated with sedentary lifestyle. A good number of high school students have been found to suffer from a number of deformities or anomalies. The low bone mineral associated with a number of the school population has been attributed to the nature of lifestyle that these people lead. It is found that sedentary students are more prone to this condition as opposed to athletic students albeit on the basis of this study. Through the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection, a research is conducted to confirm the veracity of the statement or deny it. On the basis of the literature review, it is found that indeed sedentary students have less bone mineral concentration when compared to the athletic students. It is also found that low bone formation or content does have an adverse effect on the formation of the body skeleton. In turn, poor skeletal formation is known to lead to overall body malfunctioning. Hoch et al. (2009) claims that a substantial number of high school athletes (78%) and a surprisingly high number of sedentary students (65%) have one of or more components of the female athlete triad. The female athlete triad is a co-morbidity condition which refers to an Eating Disorder (low calorie intake), Amenorrhoea (menstrual abnormality) and Osteoporosis (low bone density) (Shamley, 2005). The scope of this research proposal is to investigate among collegiate females if the decline of bone density is strong correlate to a sedentary life style. It is thus presumed that the more sedate an individual is the more their chances of developing the condition. Hoch et al. (2009) found that sedentary students had a bone density lower than student athletes. The assumption is

When Texting While Driving is to be Seriously Considered Essay

When Texting While Driving is to be Seriously Considered - Essay Example As a technological device that is considered a necessity these days, the cell phone is so indispensable it is already causing deaths because of its use even when a person is busy driving. Driving on the other hand, is an activity that requires the full attention of individuals even if one is considered an expert on it so that using the phone or doing other things than driving lessens the required attentiveness the driver should have. Christopher Cooper investigates the possibility of texting while driving being considered as a crime as suggested by the McDonald’s legislation (msn.com), authored by Joyce McDonald, a Republican member of the Washington House of Representatives. The bill has a strong argument eyeing receiving and sending messages as possible distractions to the driver especially that the practice is prevalent among teenage drivers who may be breaking up with their lovers over the phone, a possible circumstance that could affect a person’s attention on the road. Despite the aforementioned plausible argument, the bill still has many flaws that make it questionable, unable to be passed as a law that will punish drivers who use their cell phones while on the road. For instance, texting as a reason for the banning of the use of cell phones while driving is very specific while the use of the device is quite wide, making it difficult for officers to determine what the driver could have been using the mobile phone for in case one is apprehended. On another note, while it is true that cell phones distract the attention of drivers, there are also other possible causes of car accidents that also need to be considered like eating, drinking (texting-while-driving.org) and the like. Texting-while-driving.org considers texting while driving as a dangerous activity comparable to Russian roulette. Although the site points on other activities of drivers that may cause car accidents, it sets the use of the cell phone on a high level because when textin g, one has to use the other hand to compose messages or to manipulate the cell phone in order to read the messages. In addition, the driver has to look away from the road to his phone when he needs to read or compose a message, causing his attention to be divided which consequently places him in a dangerous situation. A phone call is also counted as a great cause for the distraction of a driver’s attention from the road even if one claims the phone is a hands-free device because the conversations that take place require the driver to think and concentrate about what is being discussed thus, having a divided attention. Michael Austin (caranddriver.com) tries to explain the situation through an experiment where drivers where the speed of reaction of their reactions to lights were taken into consideration when they were concentrating on the road, when they were reading a message aloud and when they were encoding the text message. This has shown that texting distracts a driver to react to light in a longer time while reading a message takes even longer. Compared to being intoxicated which was also performed in the said experiment, by the same drivers, the difference was not significant, meaning texting while driving is as dangerous as driving while intoxicated. A similar experiment was performed by a group from the University of Utah where they measured the response of participants to traffic rules and other road conditions as they use their cell phones to plan an evening activity together. The participants were given the instructions and were made sure that they knew how to use their short messaging services which was the primary means to the communication that was to take place while they were

Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment for Evidence-base Research Paper

Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment for Evidence-base Practice - Research Paper Example Interestingly the scored rated from mid-range to high. Such scores are important in implementations aimed at integrating clinical inquiry into initiatives aimed at achieving organizational efficiency. It is important to mention that clinical inquiry requires sequential and sophisticated approach and hence the findings of the study are critical to successful implementation. Physician commitments to EBP score and the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EPB and skills scored were relatively high. This does not fall short of expectations given that physicians receive more specialized training and the same can be said about nurses with strong EBP and skills. On the other hand, administration commitment to EBP, although indirectly impacts on EBP and hence, organizational culture and efficiency is crucial to successful implementation (White, 2010). The score recorded is relatively high although not maximal. This can be attributed to training as well as adequate commitment towards implementation of the same. Similarly, nursing staff commitment to EBP and the extent to which staff nurses staff nurses bear proficiency in computer skills scored relatively low at 3. This can mainly be linked to nurse’s attitude towards implementation of the same as well as their disinterest in gaining computer skills (Wright, Brown, & Slowman, 1996). Training therefore tops list of approaches that can help in incorporation of clinical inquiry into day to day operations. Additionally, day to day conferences can help keep the staff at par with changes in medical

Reflective Diary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Diary - Assignment Example Day 1 Reflection DESCRIPTION What happened? I went to my work area as a customer service representative, where I realized that there was a direct association with resistance to change, specifically with my manager’s unwillingness to cooperate with the workers, even for smaller things, like changing a schedule. FEELINGS What were you thinking & feeling? This is aggravating when working and makes the job harder to complete. It reminds me of the square wheel demonstration where resistance from the manager creates frustrations and harder work for others involved. EVALUATION What was good & bad about the experience? BAD – The manager is inflexible and workers are unable to keep the needed pace because of what has happened, making both the employees and organization suffer. GOOD – I can recognize what the environment is and understand that there is a resistance to change from the manager. There is a direct recognition of Maslow’s matrix (Timm, 1993) with the man ager needing security of a job. ANALYSIS What sense can you make out of the situation? An organization can’t change unless the resistance from everyone stops. Top managers have to recognize the resistance and be pro-active in the change. CONCLUSION What else could you have done? The only thing employees can do is to try to initiate the change by stating the problem to managers. However, this requires a change in the organizational environment. ACTION PLAN If it arose again what would you do? I can respond by making a statement about the need to change. I can also consider talking to other managers about one or two situations that have arisen to grab their attention about the problem. Reflection Day 2 DESCRIPTION What happened? I have talked to other employees about changing managerial job descriptions. The conclusion which I have drawn comes from the horticultural application of the need to ‘make a change’ within the organization (Jenkins, 2006). FEELINGS What we re you thinking & feeling? Urgency first arises with the need to change the organization. This leads into pressure from the awareness of what might happen to my job if change doesn’t occur. I then feel a sense of urgency and begin to communicate with terms such as â€Å"We have to start making changes or the organization won’t grow.† EVALUATION What was good & bad about the experience? BAD – The feelings that arise from the need to change are never followed through. The same problems and sense of resistance within the organization continues to arise. GOOD –I can recognize the patterns that are dangerous to an organization, specifically which can help me in the future. ANALYSIS What sense can you make out of the situation? There is a strong difference between thinking about change and communicating with analysis, as opposed to actually going in and making the change. For the message to communicate to a team, each individual has to have the same resp onses and understanding. CONCLUSION What else could you have done? At this point, there isn’t anything that can be done to change the outcome of the work organization. ACTION PLAN If it arose again what would you do? If an action arose, I would be a part of the plan and make sure to help

Nakata’s Story Essay Example for Free

Nakata’s Story Essay He does after all state in an interview on the authors official Murakami website (:http://www. randomhouse. com/features/murakami)) â€Å"Myths are the prototype for all stories. When we write a story on our own it cant help but link up with all sorts of Myths. † His works explore how ancient myths can impact the lives of even a normal teenaged boy like Kafka Tamura, and how those myths interweave with Japanese culture even in today’s more Westernized Japan. Kafka’s journey begins in a library which I would interpret as being key to understanding who Kafka is. He loves reading and books and has been taught to value knowledge. In a very real sense this is true for Kafka since knowledge is the one thing that will ensure his survival on his journey of self discovery. There Kafka meets a young trans-gendered librarian named Oshima who suffers from a form of rare hemophilia. Oshima also acts as a guide who leads’s Kafka to the gates to the underworld. This is where Kafka will discover what truly happened to his mother and sister, as well as what kind of man his father really is. The final guide on Kafka’s Journey of self discovery is the Head Librarian of the Komura Library, Miss Saeki. Kafka gets the strangest feeling when he is around her that she might be his long lost mother. This is where the novel starts tying into the Ancient Greek myth of Oedipus. The tale of Oedipus( Sophocles, The Oedipus Trilogy; Project Gutenberg: http//www. gutenberg. org) is from a play by the Greek playwright Sophocles about a King who is told by fortune-teller that if his pregnant wife bears a son that the child will grow up to kill his father, and have sexual relations with his mother. The play is very tragic but Murakami’s story although tragic in some places is filled with a very subtle light. Kafka has some rather severe issues regarding the disappearance of his mother when he was four. As a four year old he was told by his father that much as Oedipus he would end up in an incestuous relationship with his mother. In a way this becomes a self fulfilling prophecy for Kafka as he falls in love with Miss Saeki whom he suspects is his mother. He states to his spirit guide Crow â€Å"I am in love with Miss Saeki. † (p. 400 Kafka on the Shore: Vintage Paperbacks, 2005) and from this point on Miss Saeki becomes the focus of his obsession. Kafka feels conflicted over his mother’s abandonment. He never understood why his mother left, and apparently his father never explained to him why she left. Part of this sense of abandonment is what has lead Kafka to run away from home. Shortly after arriving at the library Kafka finds himself unconscious in a pile of brush at the side of the road with no memory of what had happened to him. He is covered in blood yet un-injured, and he calls Sakura for help. After she picks him up they have a sexual encounter at her apartment. After this he heads back to the library and decides he cannot return to the hotel he has been living in. Oshima offers Kafka the option of remaining in a cabin that Oshimas’ family owns in the mountains until Oshima can arrange for Kafka to take up residence in one of the rooms that is available at the library. It is here that Kafka begins to wonder if his experience with Sakura was the right thing to do as he suspects Sakura is his sister. Upon moving into the library Kafka hears from Oshima the tragic story of Mss Saeki’s life. According to Oshima â€Å"Miss Saeki’s basically stopped at twenty, when her lover died. No, maybe not age twenty, maybe much earlier†¦.. I don’t know the details. But, you need to be aware of this. The hands of the Japanese Dreams clock buried inside her soul ground to a halt then. Time outside, of course flows on as always, but she isn’t affected by it. † (p 161; Kafka on The Shore; Vintage Paperbacks, 2005). It is from this point that Kafka begins to develop an almost Oedipal obsession over a woman who may, or may not be his biological mother. It is also around the same time that Kafka discovers that his sculptor father has been murdered in a rather gory fashion in Tokyo. It is from here that Kafka’s tale takes on a truly dreamlike quality when he flees to Oshima’s cabin in the woods fearing that he will be accused of the murder of his father. This is what leads into the tale of the second main character.

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay Introduction People who are in work tend to focus on the success of the exchange . They show compassion, awareness and concern for others, they use good listening skills, is their own concern and need to know. These people are open and approachable, the support of others. Communication is any behavior, verbal or nonverbal, perceived by another. Knowledge, feelings or thoughts to encode and send and receive at least one person, by at least one other decoder. This message means that the receiver to the interpretation of the message. Communication between the people to establish a connection. Let us understand ourselves and communicate with the world around us, to share experiences with others, to persuade and influence others, to relax and enjoy. Forms of communication Each channel of communication are requires skills to the form of communication and that is used to send the message. The communication is classified into the three forms . Three forms are verbal communication either spoken or written , nonverbal and graphic . The communication skills is in the spoken , written , nonverbal and graphic communication are all important in the workplace . These forms of communication send messages through various channels. Verbal communication can take the forms of spoken words between two or more than one person , or written words in written communication . Nonverbal communication is send by any means other than words or graphics . Nonverbal communication occur in oral , write and graphic communication , and in oral communication these include facial expression , body movement , posture and dress . Format and layout are written and graphical components of nonverbal communication. Graphic communication represents ideas , relationship or connections visual ly with shapes , diagrams and lines . The graphic communication can have both of verbal and nonverbal components for example some of the no smoking signs displayed in the public places . The public place like restaurant , shopping mall and so on . The ability to communicate is learn by gaining skills from others and from experience . As the experience widens ,.new learning take place . The style of communication individuals and organisations develops through using and adapting new techniques. Anyone who will believes they can control the communication process is unaware that the communication is an intricate , interactive process . An interactions of several elements affect the people communicating . You can do a great deal to influence the communication process but you cannot control someone elses perception , outlook , values and attitudes. The each of these affects way communication will received . The communication process The process of the communication is the dynamic and the interactive . The process like someone sends or receives and in the between these is a message . The information flows ,people place meaning and the structure on the variety of the messages received from another . And the process of communication takes place in various situations for different reasons with the potential for many interpretations . It have seven main elements in the process of the communication . The seven main elements of the communication process are sender , message , receiver , feedback , channel , context or setting and interference or noise . There are many models of the communication process . The diagrams presented in the chapter are representations of how communication works . And it should be stressed that they cannot be a complete guide or they take the most significant elements of the process communication and place these in a useful sequence . The communication occurs , the sender and the receiver int eract by sending (encoding)and receiving(decoding)messages. The sender The sender are individuals who react to the situations from unique vantage point and interpreting ideas and filtering experiences through their own perception. The unique to the individual senders and integral to all the communication they engage in , it is a background of accumulated attitudes ,experiences , skills , cultural conditioning and individual differences that influences how they communicate . And the sender encodes some idea or the feeling in the words or the signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver . ( MESSAGE ) SENDER RECEIVER Self-concept Self-concept Family Family Culture Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes Attitudes Valuesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Values ( FEEDBACK ) Message The messages is the idea to feeling transmitted from the sender to the receiver to achieve understanding each another . The message is make a connection between to sender and the receiver . The receiver The receiver decodes or the interprets the message to achieve understanding . The receiver is acting as an individual from the unique vantage point , interpreting the idea according to the particular personal perception of the messages . The perception is the result of the receivers unique background of the experience , belief , concerns and other factors . Perception is a significant influence on communication and it is useful to look closely at it . It is a way people understanding or give a meaning to their environment . The perception and interpretation of the same message various according to how each individuals perception is influence by the experience , attitudes , and belief and a range of the acquired skills or the expectations . The example is one person will perceive the colour blue as cool , peaceful and comfortable while other person may see the blue clour like old fashion or formal . That meaning is influence by past experience . Even the context or the setting of the communication affects if the perception . It can be compare with a pair of spectacles , through which the process all the signals received from others . The glasses place a particular focus on what we see , understand , hear and influence way we react to the message .Particular colour and focus of the message are affected by the pair of glasses worn . Expectation self-concept experience Feelings perception attitudes and Value Family culture communication skillà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Feedback These is a constant feeling back of the information as people interact . Like encouraging the speaker to continue , listeners respond in the way that to show their comprehension and the acceptance or non-acceptance of the message. It is an important part of the successful interpersonal communication and the receivers response to the senders message , and can be intentional or unintentional . Feedback is gives the communication continuity , indicates understanding or misunderstanding of the message and the stimulates further communication or discussion . Both of sender and receiver need to feedback . Feedback can help or hinder your communication and climax you created . At workplace most people communicate are face to face with their leader or the manager or the supervisors , so the ability is to provide appropriate feedback can be assit the development of good working relationship and the productivity of the business . Communication channel It mean the technique use to signal or convey a message . The example like a conversation , television program , radio or telephone call . The information technology provides a fast channel of the communication that is become more wisely available and easier to use than in the past and it also used to store , send , receive and present information . All the organization have internal channel of communication and the external channels . Channel tv , telephone speaking , pc writing Sender receiver Self-concept message Self-concept Family Family Culture interference Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes feedback Attitudes Value Value Context environment , status , time Context It is consists of the situation , circumstances or the setting within which communication take place . The context is playing an important part in how the message is encoded and decode . Same message can have a complete different meaning depend on the situation , since the emotions and reactions to the ideas and events vary in different situations. The example communication at a conference , in the lunchroom , formal meeting or in the office is take place in different settings . It may use different language , authority and relationship to achieve the different communication purpose in each of the situation . Interference or noise The message received is not necessarily the same as the message sent . Another than the intended message is received because noise , or the interference , interrupts the intended message . Send a message by electronic mail to a person who is afraid of the technology and unable to access to the computer screen and communication barrier will occur because the channel is inappropriate in the case . Write a memo or business letter to a person and the message is not easily to be understand and accept . Conclusion If either one of the communication process is fail , the whole process of communication will not be successful . INTRODUCTION As the Product Manager of soon-to-be-launched product  ¼Ã…’I will choose the Lexus CT 200h to be my product . Why I choose this Lexus CT 200h as my product because Lexus CT 200h is currently one of the best in its class. With advanced stability alongside a quiet operation and seamless acceleration, the CT provides a smoothness that reflects the superior control of the Lexus Hybrid Drive. And you can drive in comfortable . It front and rear shock absorbers to provide additional performance improvements. They absorb the vibrations generated in the process, while increasing the drive for an immersive driving chassis rigidity . It Is a full hybrid engine, the 1.8-liter VVT-i petrol engine and electric motor, in a combined output of 134 horsepower and 33 km / liter fuel consumption to ensure a smooth ride the results of an environmental protection. The second reason this Lexus CT 200h is safety because it is equipped with an advanced bodyshell, enhanced with compact front suspension (MacPherson Strut) and double wishbone rear suspension. Various stiffening and bracing are strategically placed to strengthen the overall chassis. This provides the dynamic, yet smooth, agile performance of the CT 200h. The Intelligent Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) system, challenging corners to make room for more security. Early detection of wheel slip through the turn, and to help adjust to control the engine power and applying appropriate power to each wheel brake it, and can prevent potential accidents from occurring. Even in adverse road conditions, you can always control your Lexus CT self-confidence. Traction Control (TRC) of track slip systems to ensure tire always maintain maximum traction, so you can easily boot in mud or slippery roads, and Truth and Reconciliation Commission to keep at bay potential dangers. The third reason is the for the big family because this CT 200h can sit until seven or eight person in the car . Why I say that because it is really for the big family . When you and your wife and son or daughter want to go out for picnic ,you no need to sat dense . ANSWER There will be no gasoline only versions of the car, which will only use gasoline-electric system, mated to provide a 1.8 liter four-cylinder engine a strong electric motor and nickel-metal hydride battery pack. Power split continuously variable transmission to the front wheels. Part of the electricity and natural gas output and the output of individual composite system is still unknown, but the presence of its 1.8-liter, we were a bit worried. This is the fourth in the Prius, which makes 98 horsepower and contribute to the overall system output of 134 horsepower size of the cylinder. The CT200h colt will have to produce more than to provide the promised dynamic driving experience, and the challenge of providing reliable, CT of the competition, including the Audi A3 and BMW 1 Series. Therefore, what we want at least 187 horsepower in the vicinity of the North American HS250h stirred cars, one of the 147-horsepower, 2.4-liter engine is 105 kW (141 horsepower) electric motor to mate. There are four drivers in the CT200h driving mode selection to choose from: normal, ecology, electric vehicles, and sports. In normal mode, the car can use the battery-specific power up to 28 miles an hour, while the electric car mode to force car battery power is only 1.2 miles t o rely on an extension. Switch to eco-cars throttle response and optimized passive climate control system to save more fuel, and exercise patterns to tighten the steering wheel, throttle aggressive UPS, and reduce the threshold of stability control . They have many ways to promote my product . They are website , e-mail , newspaper , ratio , television program , flyer and so on . If I use the website and the e-mail to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h , the messages will send to the customers and they will know that about this car model LEXUS CT200h .Besides that any customer is interest about this car LEXUS CT 200h , you can order from website or you want to know the information about this car LEXUS CT 200h also can search our website . If I use the newspaper to promote my product , it can help to attract to customer . The newspaper also can let the customer know about the information and know where are the location are sales this car . The customers also can cut the map and find the location immediately . If I use the ratio to promote my product , it can help me to promote the product to the customer know it . If the customer is interested , he or she will listen carefully about the information the car LEXUS CT 200h . If I use th e television program to promote the LEXUS CT 200h , they will watch the television program when the television program are advertise . The last once is use the flyer to promote the product LEXUS CT 200h , the customers will immediately to see the information about the car and call the hotline to know the information clearly . But I will choose the flyer to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h . Why I choose the flyer to promote my product because the flyer is very cheap and the customer will immediately see the flyer what is it want to convey to him or her . The flyer is a cost-effective way to get your message to the masses and basically a full-page ads, you release your potential customers directly. Flyer printing is a small advertising budget to get off the ground with a good choice for new business, it is a company founded for those who want to directly communicate with potential customers a good choice. Full color flyers are particularly effective because they catch peoples eyes, to attract people to your message. The purpose is to sell a flyer. Remember, your message needs to have a purpose, that is not just your name released to the public. You need to make sure you communicate your product or service in the public interest, not just facts about your company. People want to know you or your product can do for them. The flyer can bring a lot of advantage to my product because it will attract a lot of the customers come here to order my product. The advantage is it can make majority customers come here to see the car LEXUS CT 200h . The flyer make the sale rate getting high and it makes our product name becoming famous . The customers are believe our car LEXUS CT 200h quality is greater once .